How to Use the embedded-hal Traits in Rust

The embedded-hal traits define a common interface for hardware peripherals like GPIO, SPI, and I2C, allowing hardware-agnostic code to run on any compatible microcontroller. You implement these traits for your specific hardware driver and then pass the implementing type to generic functions that require the trait.

use embedded_hal::digital::OutputPin;

fn toggle_pin<P: OutputPin>(mut pin: P) -> Result<(), P::Error> {
    pin.set_high()?;
    pin.set_low()?;
    Ok(())
}

This pattern lets you write logic once and reuse it across different boards without changing the core application code.

The embedded-hal traits act like a universal adapter for microcontroller hardware, ensuring different chips can speak the same language to your code. Instead of writing separate drivers for every specific chip, you write one set of rules that any chip can follow to perform basic tasks like turning an LED on or reading a sensor. This is like having a standard USB plug that works on any computer, regardless of the brand.